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The trading and investing signals are provided for education purposes and if you use them with real money, you do so at your own risk.
假如你坚信证券或金融工具的价格会上涨,并且希望提高预期盈利,但是你却不想在交易交易账户中存入额外的资金。那么这时,就该保证金发挥作用帮你买入更多的份额啦。
如果你的交易账户里需要有$10,000的现金才能以$20每股的价格买入500股股票的话,那么用保证金账户,你则可以用同样的现金买入1,000股相同的股票 —— 两倍之多。在美国,交易股票的初始保证金是50%,也就是说,你只需要支付$10,000就可以获得$20,000的购买力,经纪商为你提供贷款支付剩下的$10,000以完成交易。
当你观察你的保证金账户,你会发现经纪商是将这笔贷款以贷款方余额的形式显示在账户报表中的。和所有贷款一样,只有当还钱、再借钱,或收利息的时候,这个数字才会发生变化。在保证金账户里,资产价值(账户的净值)是由当前市场价值减去贷款额所决定的。
由于提供保证金交易服务,经纪商向你收取保证金贷款的利息,并从你额外买入的股份中赚取更多的佣金。
保证金可以让你用“杠杆撬动”投资 —— 用借入的资金提高收益,使其高于现金投资所能带来的回报。但是,请注意!杠杆是一把双刃剑,如果加了杠杆的证券其价格上涨,你会获得回报,然而,如果杠杆过大并且用保证金交易的证券其价格下跌,那么损失会迅速暴增。
风险会随着杠杆增大,因此,监管部门与经纪商严格限制投资被允许使用的最大杠杆。
正如上面的例子,$20每股买1,000股需要的资金是$20,000,假如你用保证金账户交易,则你只需存入本金$10,000,再从经纪商那里借入$10,000。你期望股价上涨,但是你判断失误,股价跌到了$5,那么你的保证金账户会发生什么呢?
其实,你依然亏欠最初你从经纪商那里借来的$10,000。但是,目前那1,000股的市值已经缩水跌为了$5,000(1,000 X $5),所以其市值低于经纪商借贷给你的数额 —— 形成了$5,000的负资产额(无担保借方余额)。经纪商会向你发出补充保证金通知,要求你存入更多的资金。
虽然保证金交易可以放大盈利,但只要有一笔投资没有用好杠杆,那么之前所有保证金交易的盈利就有可能付之东流。
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